I was thinking about how the Core books relegate Christianity and Judiasm to the past saying they didn't survive. It doesn't seem particularly logical to me, though I appreciate wanting to shake up the status quo. (Because the status....is [i]not[/i] quo)
I have different reasons for believing each of Judaism, Protestant Christianity, and Catholicism all would have survived as organized belief systems. They wouldn't be as strong, but I wouldn't call them "shadows of their former selves" Well Protestantism maybe. I'm going to separate these, but here's my reasoning for Judaism.
Israel.
After the holocaust, "Never Again" became words to live by for many. In the couple of centuries between the holocaust and the Fall, the bitter taste of that mass murder diminished hardly at all. And when back-ups became a possibility, Israel made it public policy to fully fund any Jews backup (even in other countries), provided they used an "authorized backup facility". Unbeknownst to most, the Israeli government had created it's own habitat within a large asteroid and regularly transmitted copies of Jewish backups to it. When the fall happened hardly a single Jewish ego was lost, even the non-Israeli.
As of 10 AF, the New Jerusalem hab is largely unknown. It orbits that sun about about 1/4 AU and is far from any populations of Suryas or other Coronal morphs. On rare occasions when the Hab needs outside resources, they send out specialized intelligence operatives (descendants of the Mossad) to do so secretively. New Jerusalem is imperfectly hidden and someone will discover it eventually - but that is what player characters are for.
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The end really is coming. What comes after that is anyone's guess.