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What Causes Qubits to Expire?

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JackOfShadows JackOfShadows's picture
What Causes Qubits to Expire?
OK, I understand the basics of quantum entanglement in that if you change the spin of one of the particles the spin of the other changes to match it instantaneously. What I don't understand is what causes the qubit to expire when you do this? Can't you just continue changing its spin back and forth to create a binary signal? JoS.
mds mds's picture
Re: What Causes Qubits to Expire?
As I understand it, you're not setting the spin on the entangled particle - you're just measuring it, and once you've done that, the entanglement is broken. It's just that if you measure the other particle's spin on the same axis, it will be the same or opposite (depending on how the entanglement was established). In real life, there's no known way to use entangled particles to communicate faster than light, although you can use them to encrypt subluminal communications. I believe it works like generating a one-time pad on the fly. One neat thing, though: If Alice and Bob and an entangled pair, and Bob and Carol have another entangled pair, Bob can use the latter pair to send his half of his connection with Alice to Carol, so the end result is Alice and Carol sharing an entangled pair. (Bob is now left out of the loop, assuming he doesn't have more shared bits with Alice or Carol.)
Arenamontanus Arenamontanus's picture
Re: What Causes Qubits to Expire?
mds wrote:
As I understand it, you're not setting the spin on the entangled particle - you're just measuring it, and once you've done that, the entanglement is broken.
Yes, this is how it works. Before the measurement the particles are in a superposed state (the spin of both is so to say both up and down at the same time), but when you measure it on one particle the spin has to become up *or* down, and the other particle has to have the opposite spin. Now the spins are entirely classical, and no matter how you flip them (with a magnet, say) they have no effect on each other. The problem in reality is that almost any interaction can count as a "measurement". The coherent superposed state tends to decohere and the entanglement "leaks out" into the environment and becomes useless. This is why quantum computers are hard to build and why it is surprising that quantum encryption can be done in real life. To store a qubit for a long time you need a way of keeping some quantum system isolated from everything, or some devilishly clever quantum error correction method.
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Decivre Decivre's picture
Re: What Causes Qubits to Expire?
The big problem with transmitting data between two entangled pairs is that there is no discernable way to know whether any given spin is artificially produced on the other end, or a natural spin that the particle did on its own. The only discernable information we can get from particle spins is that we can determine if another entangled particle is being observed by another party.
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nezumi.hebereke nezumi.hebereke's picture
Re: What Causes Qubits to Expire?
Arenamontanus wrote:
Now the spins are entirely classical, and no matter how you flip them (with a magnet, say) they have no effect on each other.
You know, I could have saved myself about two weeks of physics debate in another forum if the other poster had just said this. Thank you for educating me.